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Human LPICPGGAARCQVTLRDLFD RAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEF DKRYTHGRGFITKAINSCHT
Chimpanzee LPICPGGAARCQVTLGDLFD RAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEF DKRYTHGRGFITKAINSCHT
Rhesus monkey LPICPGGAARCQVTLRDLFD RAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEF DKRYTHGRGFITRAINSCHT
Baboon LPICPGGAARCQVTLRDLFD RAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEF DKQYTHGRGFITRAINSCHT
Marmoset LPVCPGGAVRCQVTLRDLFD RAVVLSHYIHNLSSEMFSEF DKRYTQGRGFISKALNSCHT
SlowLoris LPICPGGAANCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Horse LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRELFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFVTKAINSCHT
Pig LPICPSGAVNCQMSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Camel LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFMTKAINSCHT
Sheep TPVCPNGPGDCQVSLRDLFD RAVMVSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGKGFITMALNSCHT
Goat TPVCPNGPGNCQVSLRDLFD RAVMVSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGKGYITMALNSCHT
Ox TPVCPNGPGNCQVSLRDLFD RAVMVSHYIHDLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGKGFITMALNSCHT
Fin whale LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAIBSCHT
Sei whale LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAIDSCHT
Elephant IPVCPRGSVRCQVSLPDLFD RAVMLSHYIHSLSSDMFHEF NKQYALGRGFIPRAINSCHT
Dog LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Cat LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Mink GAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAhGRGFITKAINSCHT
Rabbit LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHHIHKLSSEMFNEF DKRYTQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Hamster LPICPGG**NCQMPLQELFD RVIMLSHYIYMLSADMFIEL DKQYAQDHEFIAKAISDCPT
Rat LPVCSGG**DCQTPLPELFD RVVMLSHYIHTLYTDMFIEF DKQYVQDREFIAKAINDCPT
Mouse LPICSAG**DCQTSLRELFD RVVILSHYIHTLYTDMFIEF DKQYVQDREFMVKVINDCPT
a.p.m. LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
BrTailPossum LPICPSGAVNCQVSLSDLFD RAVMLSHYIHSPSSEMFNEF DERYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
Monodelphis LPICPSGAVNCQVSLSDLFD RAVMLSHYIHSPSSEMFNEF DERYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
70 80 90 100 110 120
Human SSLATPEDKEQAQQMNQKDF LSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPEAILSKAVEIE
Chimpanzee SSLATPEDKEQAQQINQKDF LSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPEAILSKAVEIE
Rhesus monkey SSLPTPEDKEQAQQMNQKDF LSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVT EVRGMEEAPEAILSKAVEIE
Baboon SSLPTPEDKEQAQQINQKDF LSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVT EVRGMEEAPEAILSKAVEIE
Marmoset SSLATPEDKEQAQQISQKDF LSLIVSILRSWNEPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPEAILSKAIEIE
SlowLoris SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLVLRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Horse SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLKSWNDPLYHLVS EVRGMQEAPEAILSKAIEIE
Pig SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEVL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Camel SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLVLRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Sheep SSLPTPEDKEQAQQTHHEVL MSLILGLLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMKGVPDAILSRAIEIE
Goat SSLPTPEDKEQAQQTHHEVL MSLILGLLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMKGVPDAILSRAIEIE
Ox SSLPTPEDKEQAQQTHHEVL MSLILGLLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMKGAPDAILSRAIEIE
Fin whale SSLSTPZBKEZAZZSHHEVL VSLILGVLRSWBBPLYHLVT ZVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Sei whale SSLQTPEDKEQAQZIHHEVL VSLILGVLRSWNBPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIQIE
Elephant SSISTPEDKDQAQQTHHEVL MDLILGLLRSWNDPLDHLAS EVHSLPKAPSALLTKATEVK
Dog SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Cat SSLPTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNVILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGLHEAPDAILSRAIEIE
Mink SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVS EVRGMQEAPDSILSRAIEIE
Rabbit SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNMVLRVLPSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSKAIEIE
Hamster SSLATPEGKEEAQQVPPEVL LNLILSLVHSWNDPLFQLVT EVDGIHEASDAIISRAKEIG
Rat SSLATPEDKEQAQKVPPEVL LNLILSLVHSWNDPLFQLIT GLGGIHEAPDAIISRAKEIE
Mouse SSLATPEDKEQALKVPPEVL LNLILSLVQSSSDPLFQLIT GVGGIQEAPEYILSRAKEIE
a.p.m. SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSKAIEIE
BrTailPossum SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRSMQEAPDTILSKAMEIE
Monodelphis SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIRHEDL LNLVLRVLRSWSEPLYHLVT EVRSMQEAPDTILLKAMEIE
130 140 150 160 170 180
Human EQTKRLLEGMELIVSQVHPE TKENEIYPVWSGLPSLQMAD EESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSH
Chimpanzee EQTKRLLEGMELIVSQVHPE TKENEIYPVWSGLPSLQMAD EESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSH
Rhesus monkey EQTKRLLEGMELIVSQVHPE TKENEIYPVWTGLPSLQMAD EESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSH
Baboon EQTKRLLEGMELIVSQVHPE TKENEIYPVWTGLPSLGMAD EESRLSAYYNLLHCLRRDSH
Marmoset EQSKRLLEGMELILSQVHPE TRENAVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EESRLFAYYNLLHCLRRDSH
SlowLoris EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPR IRENEVYSVWSGLPALQMAD EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Horse EQNRRLLEGMEKIVGQVQPR IKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Pig EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG IKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Camel EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG VKENEIYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Sheep EENKRLLEGMEMIFGQVIPG AKETEPYPVWSGLPSLQTKD EDARHSAFYNLLHCLRRDSS
Goat EENKRLLEGMEMILGQVIPG AKETEPYPVWSGLPSLQTKD EEARHSAFYNLLHCLRRDSS
Ox EENKRLLEGMEMIFGQVIPG AKETEPYPVWSGLPSLQTKD EDARYSAFYNLLHCLRRDSS
Fin whale EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG VKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Sei whale EENKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG VKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYDLLHCLRRDSH
Elephant EENQRLLEGIEKIVDQVHPG AKENKAYSVWSGLPSLQTTD EDARLFAFYNLFRCLRRDSH
Dog EQNRRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG IRENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Cat EQNRRLLEGMEKIVHQVHPG VRENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Mink EQNRRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG VRENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAe EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Rabbit EQNRRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG IKENEIYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDARLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Hamster EQNKRLLEGIEKILGQAYPE AKGNEIYSVWSQFPSLQGVD EESRDLAIYNKVRCLRRDSH
Rat EQNKRLLEGIEKIISQAYPE AKGNEIYLVWSQLPSLQGVD EESKDLAFYNNIRCLRRDSH
Mouse EQNKRLLEGIEKIISQAYPE AKGNGIYFVWSQLPSLQGVD EESKILSLRNTIRCLRRDSH
a.p.m. EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG IKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
BrTailPossum EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG DRENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
Monodelphis EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG DRENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDTRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
190 199
Human KIDNYLKLLKCRIIHNNNC
Chimpanzee KIDNYLKLLKCRIIHNNNC
Rhesus monkey KIDNYLKLLKCRIIHNNNC
Baboon KIDNYLKLLKCRIIHNNNC
Marmoset KIDNYLKLLKCRIIHDNNC
SlowLoris KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
Horse KIDNYLKLLKCRIVYDSNC
Pig KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
Camel KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
Sheep KIDTYLKLLNCRIIYNNNC
Goat KIDTYLKLLNCRIIYNNNC
Ox KIDTYLKLLNCRIIYNNNC
Fin whale KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
Sei whale KIDSYLKLLKCRIIYNSNC
Elephant KIDSYLKLLKCRIVYNNNC
Dog KIDNYLKLLKCRIVYDSNC
Cat KIDSYLKLLKCRIVYDSNC
Mink KIDNYLKLLKCRIVYhSNC
Rabbit KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
Hamster KVDNYLKLLRCRVVHNNNC
Rat KVDNYLKFLRCQIVHKNNC
Mouse KVDNYLKVLRCQIAHQNNC
a.p.m. KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
BrTailPossum KIDNYLKLLKCRLIHDSNC
Monodelphis KIDNYLKLLKCRLIHDSNC
A sequence was predicted for the prolactin of the ancestral placental mammal (a.p.m.) by making the simplifying assumption that all eutherian mammalian orders diverged at the same point in evolutionary time. The following alignment shows differences between extant sequences and this ancestral one (- indicates identity, * indicates gap):
10 20 30 40 50 60
Human -----G--AR---T------ ---V-------------S-- ----TH--------------
Chimpanzee -----G--AR---T-G---- ---V-------------S-- ----TH--------------
Rhesus monkey -----G--AR---T------ ---V-------------S-- ----TH------R-------
Baboon -----G--AR---T------ ---V-------------S-- --Q-TH------R-------
Marmoset --V--G---R---T------ ---V-------------S-- ----T------S--L-----
SlowLoris -----G--A----------- -------------------- --------------------
Horse ----------------E--- -------------------- ----------V---------
Pig ------------M------- -------------------- --------------------
Camel -------------------- -------------------- ----------M---------
Sheep T-V--N-PGD---------- ---MV--------------- -------K----M-L-----
Goat T-V--N-PG----------- ---MV--------------- -------K-Y--M-L-----
Ox T-V--N-PG----------- ---MV-----D--------- -------K----M-L-----
Fin whale -------------------- -------------------- ---------------b----
Sei whale -------------------- -------------------- ---------------D----
Elephant I-V--R-S-R-----P---- ---M------S---D--H-- N-Q--L-----PR-------
Dog -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Cat -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Mink -------------- -------------------- -----h--------------
Rabbit -------------------- -------H--K--------- ----T---------------
Hamster -----G-**---MP-QE--- -VIM-----YM--AD--I-L --Q---DHE--A---SD-P-
Rat --V-SG-**D--TP-PE--- -V-M------T-YTD--I-- --Q-V-D-E--A----D-P-
Mouse ----SA-**D--T---E--- -V--------T-YTD--I-- --Q-V-D-E-MV-V--D-P-
a.p.m. LPICPSGAVNCQVSLRDLFD RAVILSHYIHNLSSEMFNEF DKRYAQGRGFITKAINSCHT
BrTailPossum ---------------S---- ---M------SP-------- -E------------------
Monodelphis ---------------S---- ---M------SP-------- -E------------------
70 80 90 100 110 120
Human ---A----------MNQK-F -S--VSI-----E------- ---------E------V---
Chimpanzee ---A-----------NQK-F -S--VSI-----E------- ---------E------V---
Rhesus monkey ---P----------MNQK-F -S--VSI-----E------- -----E---E------V---
Baboon ---P-----------NQK-F -S--VSI-----E------- -----E---E------V---
Marmoset ---A-----------SQK-F -S--VSI-----E------- ---------E----------
SlowLoris -------------------- ---V---------------- --------------R-----
Horse -------------------- --------K----------S ---------E----------
Pig ------------------V- -------------------- --------------R-----
Camel -------------------- ---V---------------- --------------R-----
Sheep ---P----------T---V- MS---GL------------- -----KGV------R-----
Goat ---P----------T---V- MS---GL------------- -----KGV------R-----
Ox ---P----------T---V- MS---GL------------- -----KG-------R-----
Fin whale ------zb--z-zzS---V- VS---G-----bb------- z-------------R-----
Sei whale ---Q---------z----V- VS---G------b------- --------------R--Q--
Elephant --I------D----T---V- MD---GL--------D--AS --HSLPK--S-L-T--T-VK
Dog -------------------- -------------------- --------------R-----
Cat ---P---------------- --V----------------- ----LH--------R-----
Mink -------------------- -------------------S ----------S---R-----
Rabbit -------------------- --MV----P----------- --------------------
Hamster ---A---G--E---VPP-V- -----SLVH------FQ--- --D-IH--S---I-R-K--G
Rat ---A---------KVPP-V- -----SLVH------FQ-I- GLG-IH------I-R-K---
Mouse ---A--------LKVPP-V- -----SLVQ-SS---FQ-I- G-G-I----EY---R-K---
a.p.m. SSLSTPEDKEQAQQIHHEDL LNLILRVLRSWNDPLYHLVT EVRGMQEAPDAILSKAIEIE
BrTailPossum -------------------- -------------------- ---S------T-----M---
Monodelphis ---------------R---- ---V-------SE------- ---S------T--L--M---
130 140 150 160 170 180
Human --T--------L--S----E T----I-P------------ -E---S-Y------------
Chimpanzee --T--------L--S----E T----I-P------------ -E---S-Y------------
Rhesus monkey --T--------L--S----E T----I-P--T--------- -E---S-Y------------
Baboon --T--------L--S----E T----I-P--T-----G--- -E---S-Y------------
Marmoset --S--------L-LS----E TR--A--------------- -E-----Y------------
SlowLoris -------------------R -R------------A----- --------------------
Horse ---R-------------Q-R -------------------- --------------------
Pig -------------------- -------------------- --T-----------------
Camel -------------------- V----I-------------- --T-----------------
Sheep -E---------M-F---I-- A--T-P-P---------TK- --A-HS-------------S
Goat -E---------M-L---I-- A--T-P-P---------TK- -EA-HS-------------S
Ox -E---------M-F---I-- A--T-P-P---------TK- --A-YS-------------S
Fin whale -------------------- V------------------- --T-----------------
Sei whale -E------------------ V------------------- --T------D----------
Elephant -E-Q-----I----D----- A---KA-----------TT- --A--------FR-------
Dog ---R---------------- -R------------------ --T-----------------
Cat ---R----------H----- VR------------------ --------------------
Mink ---R---------------- VR-----------------e --------------------
Rabbit ---R---------------- -----I-------------- --A-----------------
Hamster ---------I---L--AY-E A-G--I-----QF----GV- -E--DL-I--KVR-------
Rat ---------I---IS-AY-E A-G--I-L---Q-----GV- -E-KDL----NIR-------
Mouse ---------I---IS-AY-E A-G-GI-F---Q-----GV- -E-KILSLR-TIR-------
a.p.m. EQNKRLLEGMEKIVGQVHPG IKENEVYSVWSGLPSLQMAD EDSRLFAFYNLLHCLRRDSH
BrTailPossum -------------------- DR------------------ --T-----------------
Monodelphis -------------------- DR------------------ --T-----------------
190 199 diffs from a.p.m.
Human --------------HNN-- 34
Chimpanzee --------------HNN-- 34
Rhesus monkey --------------HNN-- 37
Baboon --------------HNN-- 38
Marmoset --------------H-N-- 32
SlowLoris ------------------- 7
Horse -------------V----- 9
Pig ------------------- 4
Camel ------------------- 6
Sheep ---T-----N-----NN-- 40
Goat ---T-----N-----NN-- 41
Ox ---T-----N-----NN-- 39
Fin whale ------------------- 8
Sei whale ---S-----------N--- 14
Elephant ---S---------V-NN-- 53
Dog -------------V----- 5
Cat ---S---------V----- 11
Mink -------------V-h---
Rabbit ------------------- 9
Hamster -V-------R--VVHNN-- 69
Rat -V-----F-R-Q-VHKN-- 71
Mouse -V-----V-R-Q-AHQN-- 75
a.p.m. KIDNYLKLLKCRIIYDSNC
BrTailPossum ------------L-H---- 13
Monodelphis ------------L-H---- 18